According to US Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapter <790>, all parenteral products should be essentially free from any visible particles. This is the first and foremost requirement stated in all pharmacopeia for any injectable product. However, yielding absolutely particle-free injectable products is virtually impossible under real-life manufacturing conditions. Hence, inspection of each and every filled and sealed product unit before the unit is taken into labelling or packaging is mandatory.

Automated Visual Inspection (AVI) as a technical inspection process relies on a contrast difference of a specific particle from its surrounding, under a particular lighting condition, and usually captured by a video camera.